C-style formatting

std::size_t value = 42;
printf("Value is: %zu\n", value);

long unsigned int value = 100000;
printf("Value is: %lu\n", value);

std::cout

1. The std::fixed manipulator forces the output stream to display floating-point numbers in fixed-point notation.

std::size_t value = 42;
std::cout << "Value is: " << value << std::endl;

long unsigned int value = 100000;
std::cout << "Value is: " << value << std::endl;

double number = 123.456789;
/* The `std::setprecision(int n)` manipulator sets the number of digits to appear after the decimal point when used with `std::fixed`. In this example, exactly 3 digits will be displayed after the decimal point.
*/
std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3) << number << std::endl; // output 123.457

/* If you remove std::fixed and use std::setprecision(3) alone, the precision will apply to the total number of significant digits, which can result in scientific notation or fewer decimal places based on the number's magnitude.
*/

1. ge

   for (int i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) {
    // Clear the last output using '\r' and print new content
    // \r (Carriage Return): Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line without advancing to a new line.
    // std::flush: Ensures the output is sent to the terminal immediately.
    std::cout << "\rProgress: " << i << "%" << std::flush;
   
    // Simulate work
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
   }
   

std::format (C++20)

std::size_t value = 42;
std::cout << std::format("Value is: {}\n", value);

long unsigned int value = 100000;
std::cout << std::format("Value is: {}\n", value);